Artist: Italian School, 17th Century

Medium: Oil on Copper
Dimensions: 13 x 10 cm (5.1 x 3.9 inches)

Description:
This small but exquisite work depicts the biblical episode of Pentecost, a pivotal moment in Christian theology. According to the Gospels, after Jesus’ ascension, the Holy Spirit descended upon the disciples as a divine guide and consoler. The scene centers on the Virgin Mary surrounded by the twelve apostles, with the Holy Spirit, symbolized as a radiant dove, above her. Golden rays of divine light emanate from the dove, signifying enlightenment and divine grace. Above the Spirit, busts of Jesus and God the Father complete the divine Trinity, reinforcing the celestial nature of the event.

The composition demonstrates mastery in perspective, characteristic of the Italian Renaissance's influence, with architectural elements creating depth and focus. The tiled floor and foreshortened ceiling amplify the grandeur of the setting, while the figures are arranged symmetrically, reflecting classical ideals of harmony and balance. The apostles’ postures and expressions display individuality, a hallmark of Italian naturalism. Drapery folds, softly rendered with chiaroscuro, further underscore the artist's attention to realism and texture.

This work bridges the stylistic elements of the 16th and 17th centuries, blending classical composition with Baroque dynamism and emotional expressiveness.

Provenance and Influence:
The painting reflects the transitional style of the Italian school during the 17th century, influenced by the earlier Renaissance and the emerging Baroque movement. The artist's use of copper as a medium suggests an affinity for detailed, luminous compositions, a characteristic of devotional paintings intended for private worship.

Signature: Unsigned